Although bearings had been developed since ancient times, the first modern recorded patent on ball bearings was awarded to Philip Vaughan, a Welsh inventor and ironmaster who created the first design for a ball bearing in Carmarthen in 1794. His was the first modern ball-bearing design, with the ball running along a groove in the axle assembly called cage.
There are several common designs of ball bearing cages, each offering various performance trade-offs. They can be made from many different materials, including: Brass stainless steel, steel, and ceramic (silicon nitride (Si3N4).